Who invented the world's very first car? This question does not have a straightforward answer. The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles.
There are many different types of automobiles - steam, electric, and gasoline - as well as countless styles.
The very first car might well have been the invention of a Flemish missionary named Ferdinand Verbiest. Born in Flanders in 1623, Verbiest was an accomplished astronomer who left Europe for China in 1658. He helped to modernize the now outmoded Chinese astronomy using recent European innovations, and he was asked by the emperor to become the director of the newly refurbished Beijing Ancient Observatory. What's more, he spoke at least five languages fluently, wrote thirty books, was a skilled diplomat and mapmaker, and tutored the long-lived Kangxi Emperor in everything from mathematics to poetry. He was, even by the standards of the time, ridiculously accomplished.
But the reason why we're talking about Verbiest here is that he might - emphasis on might - have invented the world's first car. According to Verbiest's own text Astronomia Europea, he built a small, self-propelled vehicle. Steam technology was still in its infancy at the time, but Verbiest was able to build a rudimentary, ball-shaped boiler, which then forced steam towards a turbine that could turn the back wheels. Verbiest says the vehicle was meant to be a toy for the emperor.
Considering this is over 200 years before the construction of what's generally considered the first modern automobile, this is a remarkable achievement, but there are some pretty big caveats here. I said the car was small, and it was: about two feet long, far too tiny for any human to ride in it. It's also not at all clear whether the toy was ever built, or if it purely existed as a design in Verbiest's imagination.
We do know Verbiest's close relationship with the emperor gave him access to the finest metalworkers China had to offer, so it's not impossible that he built the toy. What we can say is this - Verbiest almost certainly designed what was effectively one of the earliest scale models of an automobile. (Although, if we're just talking about designs for cars, then Leonardo da Vinci has Verbiest beat by a good two hundred years. But Leonardo definitely didn't build his, so Verbiest has that on him.)
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
Eco Cars
1: Seat Ibiza, 1.4 TDI 80PS Ecomotive, diesel
CO2 (g/km): 99
Price: £11,000
Seat's probably not the first name you think of when it comes to green cars, but this three-door supermini's both cheap to buy and cheap to run.
2: Volkswagen Polo Bluemotion, 1.4 TDI 80PS
CO2: 99
Price: £11,995
This little diesel has all the solid German build quality you'd expect, plus an incredibly economic engine that'll make the man at the garage a distant stranger.
3: Honda Civic Hybrid 1.4 IMA ES
CO2: 109
Price: £16,300
As the cheapest hybrid in the UK, the Honda Civic Hybrid is a good, small family alternative to the Prius -- so long as you can stomach automatic transmission.
4: Renault Megane Sport Hatch 1.5 dCi 86 Expression 3 door
CO2: 117
Price: £13,000
Like Citroen, Renault's one of the unsung French brands which has been doing a huge amount to cut emissions across its range. This small family car is a particularly economic example.
5: Citroen C3 1.6HDi
CO2: 118
Price: £13,000
The Citroen C3 is an efficient, straightforward car with a big boot and not quite enough legroom at the back.
6: Ford Focus ECOnetic 1.6 TDCi
CO2: 115
Price: £15,800
This is a brand new version of Britain's most popular car. It's incredibly fuel-efficient and, if it's similar to the Ford bioethanol Focus we reviewed, will make for a good reliable drive.
7: Renault New Laguna Hatch dCi 110
CO2: 130
Price: £17,100
As it emits 130g of CO2 per kilometre the Laguna is just on the borderline of being a greener option, and it's also on the pricey side. But it has some of the best green creds you'll get for a car of this size.
8: Skoda Fabia Estate1.4 TDI PD 80PS
CO2: 109
Price: £13,100
No more funny jokes about Skodas. This one is big and clever -- not to mention as cheap and green as estate cars come.
9: Peugot 207 SW, 1.6 HDi
CO2: 119-123
Price: £13,900
Another big but green option. According to Autoexpress it's a little dear, but it has everything you could want in an estate.
10: SMART Fortwo Cabrio
CO2: 113
Price: £10,500
With their heavier frames for safety and structure, it's surprising any open-top cars made this list. But we can fully recommend this Smart, since it emits so little CO2 and only costs mite over £10K.
CO2 (g/km): 99
Price: £11,000
Seat's probably not the first name you think of when it comes to green cars, but this three-door supermini's both cheap to buy and cheap to run.
2: Volkswagen Polo Bluemotion, 1.4 TDI 80PS
CO2: 99
Price: £11,995
This little diesel has all the solid German build quality you'd expect, plus an incredibly economic engine that'll make the man at the garage a distant stranger.
3: Honda Civic Hybrid 1.4 IMA ES
CO2: 109
Price: £16,300
As the cheapest hybrid in the UK, the Honda Civic Hybrid is a good, small family alternative to the Prius -- so long as you can stomach automatic transmission.
4: Renault Megane Sport Hatch 1.5 dCi 86 Expression 3 door
CO2: 117
Price: £13,000
Like Citroen, Renault's one of the unsung French brands which has been doing a huge amount to cut emissions across its range. This small family car is a particularly economic example.
5: Citroen C3 1.6HDi
CO2: 118
Price: £13,000
The Citroen C3 is an efficient, straightforward car with a big boot and not quite enough legroom at the back.
6: Ford Focus ECOnetic 1.6 TDCi
CO2: 115
Price: £15,800
This is a brand new version of Britain's most popular car. It's incredibly fuel-efficient and, if it's similar to the Ford bioethanol Focus we reviewed, will make for a good reliable drive.
7: Renault New Laguna Hatch dCi 110
CO2: 130
Price: £17,100
As it emits 130g of CO2 per kilometre the Laguna is just on the borderline of being a greener option, and it's also on the pricey side. But it has some of the best green creds you'll get for a car of this size.
8: Skoda Fabia Estate1.4 TDI PD 80PS
CO2: 109
Price: £13,100
No more funny jokes about Skodas. This one is big and clever -- not to mention as cheap and green as estate cars come.
9: Peugot 207 SW, 1.6 HDi
CO2: 119-123
Price: £13,900
Another big but green option. According to Autoexpress it's a little dear, but it has everything you could want in an estate.
10: SMART Fortwo Cabrio
CO2: 113
Price: £10,500
With their heavier frames for safety and structure, it's surprising any open-top cars made this list. But we can fully recommend this Smart, since it emits so little CO2 and only costs mite over £10K.
Thursday, February 3, 2011
Chevrolet
In 1911, Chevrolet Motor Company of Michigan is incorporated in November of 1911 by Louis Chevrolet, William Little and Edwin Cambell, William Durant's son-in-law. Headquarters are in Detroit.
On September 13, 1915, Durant incorporates Chevrolet Motor Co. of Delaware. The new corporation includes the original Chevrolet Motor Company and becomes a holding company for auto companies Durant had put together after losing control of GM.
In 1916, Durant announces that Chevrolet owns 54.5 percent of GM's outstanding shares and takes over the GM presidency from Charles W. Nash, who had been GM president from 1912 to 1916.
In 1918, General Motors buys the operating assets of Chevrolet Motor Company in May.
In 1921, GM decides to proceed with commercial application of Kettering's 'copper-cooled' engine, intended to replace the traditional piston engine. The initial target is to put the copper-cooled engine in all of Chevrolet Division's cars. The program is officially ended in 1923, with a total of fewer than 800 copper-cooled engines ever being produced and only 300 sold to dealers, all of which are recalled by GM.
In 1923, GM's first European assembly plant is established in Copenhagen under the name General Motors International A/S. It is to build Chevrolets for sale in Scandinavian countries, the Baltics, and Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Russia. The first GM vehicle assembled outside the U.S. and Canada, a Chevrolet utility truck, comes off the Copenhagen assembly line on January 7, 1924.
In 1924, William S. Knudsen becomes president of Chevrolet and joins the GM Board of Directors.
In 1929, Chevrolet introduces its new six-cylinder engine for use in commercial vehicles. This engine is nicknamed 'the cast iron wonder' for its remarkable durability.
In 1935, Chevrolet introduces the Suburban Carryall, a 1/2-ton truck with seating capacity for eight.
In 1950, Chevrolet introduces the Powerglide transmission, becoming the first competitor in the low-price field to offer fully automatic shifting.
In 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette is introduced. It is the first volume production sports car and the first production car with a plastic body to be produced in quantity.
In 1954, Chevrolet introduces small-block V-8 engine on 1955 trucks.
In 1958, Chevrolet introduces the El Camino, designed to combine big car comfort with the utility of a pickup truck, as a 1959 model.
In 1959, Chevrolet introduces the Corvair.
As part of the 1962 model year, Chevrolet introduces a new line of smaller cars, the Chevy II.
In 1962, The U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, charges GM and three Chevrolet dealer trade associations in criminal and civil suits for violation of the Sherman Act by restricting sales of Chevrolets in the Los Angeles area through discount houses. In 1966, the U.S. District Court for Southern California enters the final judgment enjoining GM from conspiring with any group or association of Chevrolet dealers to limit sales by such dealers or through discount houses or referral services.
In 1963, Chevrolet introduces its midsize Malibu as a 1964 model.
In 1966, Chevrolet introduces the F-body Camaro as a 1967 model. The following January, Pontiac introduces the Firebird, its third line of cars, as a 1967 model.
In 1968, Six passenger car and truck assembly plants previously operated by Fisher Body and Chevrolet Motor Division are transferred to the management of GM Assembly Division. Chevrolet is to have additional responsibility of engineering, producing and distributing a new American-built small car.
In 1969, Chevrolet announces that it is discontinuing production of Corvair.
In 1975, Chevrolet introduces the Chevette in October. This U.S.-built T-car was first designed by Opel and is also manufactured by GM subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil and England and sold under the names Kadett, Chevette, Gemini and K-180.
In 1976, GM introduces its downsized Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick and Cadillac full-size and luxury cars in September.
In 1979, GM introduces newly designed front-wheel-drive compact cars, the Buick Skylark, Chevrolet Citation, Oldsmobile Omega and Pontiac Phoenix X-body models.
In 1981, GM's new worldwide Truck & Bus Group is formed with responsibility for the design, engineering, manufacture, sales and service of all GM trucks, buses and vans in North America and throughout the world. In 1982, the truck manufacturing and assembly operations of GM Assembly Division, Chevrolet Motor Division, and GMC Truck and Coach Division are merged to form Truck & Bus Manufacturing Division. Headquarters for both are to be located in Pontiac, Michigan.
In 1983, GM and Toyota Motor Corporation agree to form a joint venture, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), to produce a small Chevrolet automobile in the Fremont, Calif., assembly plant previously operated by GM.
The 1984 Chevrolet Corvette is introduced, with the car's first major styling change in 15 years.
In 1988, Chevrolet introduces its Geo line of small vehicles with Geo Metro, Spectrum and Tracker.
In 1993, Toyota and GM sign an unprecedented supply and sales agreement under which GM will build right-hand drive Chevrolet Cavaliers in the U.S. Toyota will purchase these models from GM and sell them in Japan.
In 2001, The Chevrolet Cruze is launched in Japan. Developed by GM and its alliance partner Suzuki, the Cruze is the first GM vehicle to be built in Japan since the 1930s.
General Motors announces that its Ste. Therese, Quebec plant, which builds the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird, will close in September 2002 in conjunction with discontinuation of the Camaro and Firebird models.
In 2002, the Chevrolet Corvette celebrates its fiftieth anniversary.
In 2003, GM announces that the 2005 model year GMC Envoy XL, Envoy XUV and Chevrolet trailblazer EXT will be the first vehicles to showcase its innovative Displacement on Demand fuel-saving technology, which enhances fuel economy without compromising performance or the ability to carry heavy loads. Displacement on Demand is to be a standard feature in the vehicles' optional Vortec 5300 V-8 engine. The technology, which boosts the Vortec engine's fuel efficiency by 8 percent, is also to be introduced in other GM engines in the 2006 model year.
The Chevrolet Corvette celebrates its fiftieth anniversary with a caravan of 5,000 Corvettes driven by owners from each of the 50 states converging at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Ky.
GM Powertrain introduces its new Ecotec 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine, which is to be available on the all-new 2005 model year Chevrolet Cobalt. Bringing variable valve timing to the Ecotec engine family for the first time, the Ecotec 2.4-liter engine offers improved low-end torque and fewer emissions than the previous 2.2-liter version.
In 2004, for a record sixth time, Chevrolet Corvette is picked as the official pace car for the classic Indianapolis 500 race.
General Motors delivers the world's first full-size hybrid pickup truck to Miami-Dade County during the tenth National Clean Cities Conference. The hybrid Chevrolet Silverado delivers up to 12 percent fuel economy improvement over comparable pickups, giving it the best highway fuel economy of any full-size truck on the market. Hybrid versions of both the Chevrolet Silverado and the GMC Silverado pickup are scheduled to go on sale in the fall.
Source: General Motors Corporation
On September 13, 1915, Durant incorporates Chevrolet Motor Co. of Delaware. The new corporation includes the original Chevrolet Motor Company and becomes a holding company for auto companies Durant had put together after losing control of GM.
In 1916, Durant announces that Chevrolet owns 54.5 percent of GM's outstanding shares and takes over the GM presidency from Charles W. Nash, who had been GM president from 1912 to 1916.
In 1918, General Motors buys the operating assets of Chevrolet Motor Company in May.
In 1921, GM decides to proceed with commercial application of Kettering's 'copper-cooled' engine, intended to replace the traditional piston engine. The initial target is to put the copper-cooled engine in all of Chevrolet Division's cars. The program is officially ended in 1923, with a total of fewer than 800 copper-cooled engines ever being produced and only 300 sold to dealers, all of which are recalled by GM.
In 1923, GM's first European assembly plant is established in Copenhagen under the name General Motors International A/S. It is to build Chevrolets for sale in Scandinavian countries, the Baltics, and Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Russia. The first GM vehicle assembled outside the U.S. and Canada, a Chevrolet utility truck, comes off the Copenhagen assembly line on January 7, 1924.
In 1924, William S. Knudsen becomes president of Chevrolet and joins the GM Board of Directors.
In 1929, Chevrolet introduces its new six-cylinder engine for use in commercial vehicles. This engine is nicknamed 'the cast iron wonder' for its remarkable durability.
In 1935, Chevrolet introduces the Suburban Carryall, a 1/2-ton truck with seating capacity for eight.
In 1950, Chevrolet introduces the Powerglide transmission, becoming the first competitor in the low-price field to offer fully automatic shifting.
In 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette is introduced. It is the first volume production sports car and the first production car with a plastic body to be produced in quantity.
In 1954, Chevrolet introduces small-block V-8 engine on 1955 trucks.
In 1958, Chevrolet introduces the El Camino, designed to combine big car comfort with the utility of a pickup truck, as a 1959 model.
In 1959, Chevrolet introduces the Corvair.
As part of the 1962 model year, Chevrolet introduces a new line of smaller cars, the Chevy II.
In 1962, The U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, charges GM and three Chevrolet dealer trade associations in criminal and civil suits for violation of the Sherman Act by restricting sales of Chevrolets in the Los Angeles area through discount houses. In 1966, the U.S. District Court for Southern California enters the final judgment enjoining GM from conspiring with any group or association of Chevrolet dealers to limit sales by such dealers or through discount houses or referral services.
In 1963, Chevrolet introduces its midsize Malibu as a 1964 model.
In 1966, Chevrolet introduces the F-body Camaro as a 1967 model. The following January, Pontiac introduces the Firebird, its third line of cars, as a 1967 model.
In 1968, Six passenger car and truck assembly plants previously operated by Fisher Body and Chevrolet Motor Division are transferred to the management of GM Assembly Division. Chevrolet is to have additional responsibility of engineering, producing and distributing a new American-built small car.
In 1969, Chevrolet announces that it is discontinuing production of Corvair.
In 1975, Chevrolet introduces the Chevette in October. This U.S.-built T-car was first designed by Opel and is also manufactured by GM subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil and England and sold under the names Kadett, Chevette, Gemini and K-180.
In 1976, GM introduces its downsized Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick and Cadillac full-size and luxury cars in September.
In 1979, GM introduces newly designed front-wheel-drive compact cars, the Buick Skylark, Chevrolet Citation, Oldsmobile Omega and Pontiac Phoenix X-body models.
In 1981, GM's new worldwide Truck & Bus Group is formed with responsibility for the design, engineering, manufacture, sales and service of all GM trucks, buses and vans in North America and throughout the world. In 1982, the truck manufacturing and assembly operations of GM Assembly Division, Chevrolet Motor Division, and GMC Truck and Coach Division are merged to form Truck & Bus Manufacturing Division. Headquarters for both are to be located in Pontiac, Michigan.
In 1983, GM and Toyota Motor Corporation agree to form a joint venture, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), to produce a small Chevrolet automobile in the Fremont, Calif., assembly plant previously operated by GM.
The 1984 Chevrolet Corvette is introduced, with the car's first major styling change in 15 years.
In 1988, Chevrolet introduces its Geo line of small vehicles with Geo Metro, Spectrum and Tracker.
In 1993, Toyota and GM sign an unprecedented supply and sales agreement under which GM will build right-hand drive Chevrolet Cavaliers in the U.S. Toyota will purchase these models from GM and sell them in Japan.
In 2001, The Chevrolet Cruze is launched in Japan. Developed by GM and its alliance partner Suzuki, the Cruze is the first GM vehicle to be built in Japan since the 1930s.
General Motors announces that its Ste. Therese, Quebec plant, which builds the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird, will close in September 2002 in conjunction with discontinuation of the Camaro and Firebird models.
In 2002, the Chevrolet Corvette celebrates its fiftieth anniversary.
In 2003, GM announces that the 2005 model year GMC Envoy XL, Envoy XUV and Chevrolet trailblazer EXT will be the first vehicles to showcase its innovative Displacement on Demand fuel-saving technology, which enhances fuel economy without compromising performance or the ability to carry heavy loads. Displacement on Demand is to be a standard feature in the vehicles' optional Vortec 5300 V-8 engine. The technology, which boosts the Vortec engine's fuel efficiency by 8 percent, is also to be introduced in other GM engines in the 2006 model year.
The Chevrolet Corvette celebrates its fiftieth anniversary with a caravan of 5,000 Corvettes driven by owners from each of the 50 states converging at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Ky.
GM Powertrain introduces its new Ecotec 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine, which is to be available on the all-new 2005 model year Chevrolet Cobalt. Bringing variable valve timing to the Ecotec engine family for the first time, the Ecotec 2.4-liter engine offers improved low-end torque and fewer emissions than the previous 2.2-liter version.
In 2004, for a record sixth time, Chevrolet Corvette is picked as the official pace car for the classic Indianapolis 500 race.
General Motors delivers the world's first full-size hybrid pickup truck to Miami-Dade County during the tenth National Clean Cities Conference. The hybrid Chevrolet Silverado delivers up to 12 percent fuel economy improvement over comparable pickups, giving it the best highway fuel economy of any full-size truck on the market. Hybrid versions of both the Chevrolet Silverado and the GMC Silverado pickup are scheduled to go on sale in the fall.
Source: General Motors Corporation
Thursday, December 2, 2010
Car Insurance Quotes
Car insurance is so important and is an absolute must. Every State requires certain coverage and this must be presented when buying your car tags. Although many individuals buy their insurance on a month to month basis and most pay these bills. There are a number of people who do not have the money and after a couple months stop paying and the state will contact them and suspend their license. If they have moved they will never know this until they are at a traffic stop when they will be asked for their insurance card which they have and the police will run their name with the state they are insured in. Bottom line, no insurance, no driving.
The cost is high and if you have an accident it will cost you. In Georgia, the law states if you are unable to show proof of insurance, off to jail you go. The bail amount is small but the arrest will make you think again about trying to get away with driving and no insurance. As the saying goes driving is a privilage and not a right. cheap car insurance for women, will not be much of a difference for most drivers. The problem with cheap, is what you will get, only cheap. If say you live in Arizona, you will likely get out the yellow pages and start calling around to Get a car insurance quote in Arizona.
The computer would be faster since you can pull up several amounts and policies so you can compare a bit easier. Keep in mind if you have homeowner's insurance, you may want to add the car insurance to your policy. Most companies will give a discount with dual insurance coverage. Again, make sure you compare. Keep in mind that it your responsibility to make sure your policy is the proper coverage you need and remember to make your payments on time.
We have no fault insurance and it means that an accident was just that an accident. Without insurance it will be a financial burden. With the economy as it is we can do without many things, but, car insurance is not one of them.
The cost is high and if you have an accident it will cost you. In Georgia, the law states if you are unable to show proof of insurance, off to jail you go. The bail amount is small but the arrest will make you think again about trying to get away with driving and no insurance. As the saying goes driving is a privilage and not a right. cheap car insurance for women, will not be much of a difference for most drivers. The problem with cheap, is what you will get, only cheap. If say you live in Arizona, you will likely get out the yellow pages and start calling around to Get a car insurance quote in Arizona.
The computer would be faster since you can pull up several amounts and policies so you can compare a bit easier. Keep in mind if you have homeowner's insurance, you may want to add the car insurance to your policy. Most companies will give a discount with dual insurance coverage. Again, make sure you compare. Keep in mind that it your responsibility to make sure your policy is the proper coverage you need and remember to make your payments on time.
We have no fault insurance and it means that an accident was just that an accident. Without insurance it will be a financial burden. With the economy as it is we can do without many things, but, car insurance is not one of them.
Thursday, November 11, 2010
Renault
The history had started in far 1898 when Louis Renault celebrating his 21st birthday chosed the occasion for the presentation of his new vehicle, Renault type A. The car had 270 ccm engine capacity, 1.75 Hp output and 3-speed gearbox. It could transport two adults by speed up to 50 km/h. Type A was based on De Dion`s quadricycle. They quickly made a name for themselves in motor racing then adopted mass production techniques in 1905 and Taylorism in 1913. During the first world war, the company turned out trucks, stretchers, ambulances, shells and even the famous FT17 tanks that made a decisive contribution to the final victory.
1919-1945
Renault modernized its premises, starting up the first production line at Billancourt in 1929. The firm tried to keep the lid on costs in order to weather the economic crisis. But social conditions deteriorated. Louis considered the second world war and conflict with Germany as a mistake, and he gave in to the demands of the German forces. As a result, Renault was nationalized in 1945, becoming the Régie Nationale des Usines Renault (RNUR).
You can read more useful and fantastic facts about Renault includibg the environment and culture, cinema and technology, you can learn a lot of you favorite car on http://www.renault.co.uk/about/
1919-1945
Renault modernized its premises, starting up the first production line at Billancourt in 1929. The firm tried to keep the lid on costs in order to weather the economic crisis. But social conditions deteriorated. Louis considered the second world war and conflict with Germany as a mistake, and he gave in to the demands of the German forces. As a result, Renault was nationalized in 1945, becoming the Régie Nationale des Usines Renault (RNUR).
You can read more useful and fantastic facts about Renault includibg the environment and culture, cinema and technology, you can learn a lot of you favorite car on http://www.renault.co.uk/about/
Thursday, October 28, 2010
Consumers Report 2010
The Union of American Consumers has published its annual report assessing the reliability of the 27 automotive brands. The study has collected data on the exploitation of 1.3 million copies of the car.
It is remarkable that only one Germany 's brand - Porsche is confirmed German quality worthy of trust. And although the top of the list occupied by Japanese brands, some companies from the Land of the Rising Sun exceptional quality, as it turns out, is not peculiar. Mazda and Nissan were among the average. here is the list:
1. Scion
2. Porsche
3. Acura
4. Honda
5. Infiniti
6. Toyota
7. Subaru
8. Volvo
9. Lexus
10. Ford
11. Hyundai
12. Mazda
13. Kia
14. Nissan
15. Lincoln
16. Volkswagen
17. Chevrolet
18. Buick
19. Cadillac
20. Jeep
21. GMC
22. Mercedes-Benz
23. BMW
24. Dodge
25. Mini
26. Audi
27. Chrysler
It is remarkable that only one Germany 's brand - Porsche is confirmed German quality worthy of trust. And although the top of the list occupied by Japanese brands, some companies from the Land of the Rising Sun exceptional quality, as it turns out, is not peculiar. Mazda and Nissan were among the average. here is the list:
1. Scion
2. Porsche
3. Acura
4. Honda
5. Infiniti
6. Toyota
7. Subaru
8. Volvo
9. Lexus
10. Ford
11. Hyundai
12. Mazda
13. Kia
14. Nissan
15. Lincoln
16. Volkswagen
17. Chevrolet
18. Buick
19. Cadillac
20. Jeep
21. GMC
22. Mercedes-Benz
23. BMW
24. Dodge
25. Mini
26. Audi
27. Chrysler
Sunday, October 24, 2010
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)